What are TXT records used for?

TXT (text) records in DNS store arbitrary text data associated with a domain. In email authentication, they store SPF records (v=spf1...), DKIM public keys (v=DKIM1...), DMARC policies (v=DMARC1...), and BIMI records (v=BIMI1...). They are also used for domain ownership verification by Google Search Console, Microsoft 365, and many other services.

How is a TXT lookup different from other DNS lookups?

TXT records can contain any text and a domain can have multiple TXT records. SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are all stored as TXT records but at different DNS names. This tool retrieves all TXT records at the name you specify — which could be the domain root, _dmarc.domain, or selector._domainkey.domain.

Why would I see multiple TXT records for the same domain?

It is normal and expected to have multiple TXT records. The SPF record is typically at the domain root along with domain verification tokens from various services. DKIM records are at selector._domainkey subdomain. DMARC is at _dmarc. Each serves a different purpose and coexists.

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TXT Record Lookup

Retrieve and identify all TXT records for any domain or subdomain.

TXT Record Lookup: View and Identify All DNS Text Records

DNS TXT records store email authentication data, domain ownership proofs, and service verification tokens. Every email authentication standard — SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and BIMI — uses TXT records. This tool retrieves all TXT records at any DNS name you specify and automatically identifies the type based on the record's prefix.

Common TXT Record Lookups for Email

What to check	DNS name to query	Expected prefix
SPF record	yourdomain.com	v=spf1
DMARC record	_dmarc.yourdomain.com	v=DMARC1
DKIM record	selector._domainkey.yourdomain.com	v=DKIM1
BIMI record	default._bimi.yourdomain.com	v=BIMI1
Google verification	yourdomain.com	google-site-verification=

TXT Record Lookup

TXT Record Lookup

TXT Record Lookup: View and Identify All DNS Text Records

Common TXT Record Lookups for Email

INFRASTRUCTURE

OPERATIONAL NOTES

The Hidden Cost of Retry Pressure in High-Volume SMTP Systems

Inbox Placement Is a Lagging Indicator

What Breaks First When Volume Increases Too Fast

Why Shared IP Pools Fail at Scale

Separating Cold, Bulk, and Transactional Traffic at the Infrastructure Level

When NOT to Warm an IP

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